控え目
彼女は控え目な性格で、目立つのが苦手だ。
She has a reserved personality and dislikes standing out.
reserved, modest, unassuming, restrained
彼は控え目な態度で話す。
He speaks in a modest manner.
控え目な服装が似合う人
someone who suits a modest outfit
Often describes behavior, attitude, or appearance that avoids drawing attention.
moderate, conservative, limited in quantity
控え目な値段で販売されている。
It is sold at a moderate price.
Used for quantities, prices, or amounts that are intentionally kept low.
Related Phrases
Pro Tip
Common Mistake: Confusing with 慎重
控え目 describes restraint in behavior or quantity, while 慎重 (shinchou) means 'cautious' or 'careful' in decision-making. Do not use 控え目 for describing careful actions like driving or planning.
Gold Rule
When to Use 控え目
Use 控え目 when someone naturally avoids attention or excess, not when they are forced to be restrained. It reflects personality or inherent quality, not external circumstances.
Word Origin
From the verb 控える (hikaeru, 'to hold back, to restrain') + 目 (me, nominal suffix indicating quality). The compound originally meant 'restrained in manner or quantity.' The usage has remained consistent since the Edo period.
Usage Notes
Used to describe both people and things. When describing people, it implies humility and avoidance of attention. When describing things (e.g., prices, portions), it implies moderation or restraint. Not used for physical restraint (e.g., tied up) or emotional repression.