内卷

nèi juǎn
nounIntermediate involution or rat race
informal

A social and economic phenomenon where individuals or groups engage in excessive competition for limited resources, often leading to diminishing returns and increased stress

年轻人面临的内卷问题越来越严重

The problem of involution among young people is becoming more severe

💡

Originally derived from sociology but widely used in discussions about work culture and social pressure

Collocations

内卷化involution内卷竞争involutionary competition

Antonyms

Related Phrases

躺平phrase
lying flat (rejecting societal pressure)
佛系phrase
Buddha-style (detached attitude)

💡Pro Tip

Usage in modern China

The term is often used to describe the intense competition in urban workplaces and education systems

Gold Rule

Avoid negative connotations

While the term describes a real social phenomenon, it can carry negative connotations when used to criticize others

📖Word Origin

Derived from the sociological concept of 'involution' (内卷化), originally used to describe economic stagnation but now widely used to describe intense social competition

📝Usage Notes

Often used to describe the pressure to constantly improve oneself in work, education, or social status, leading to burnout and dissatisfaction

Word Breakdown

internal
root
+
to roll up or compete intensely
root
汉英词典