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Having many interconnected parts or elements that make something difficult to understand or analyze
この法律は複雑な規則で構成されている
This law is composed of complex rules
彼の説明は複雑すぎて理解できなかった
His explanation was too complex for me to understand
Often used to describe systems, situations, or concepts that require careful analysis
Emotionally complicated or difficult to resolve
私たちの関係は複雑になってきた
Our relationship has become complicated
この問題には複雑な感情が絡んでいる
This issue involves complex emotions
Used to describe interpersonal relationships or emotional states that are difficult to simplify
複雑 is often used to describe technical systems, legal documents, or emotional situations that are difficult to simplify
The meaning can shift between literal complexity (systems) and emotional complexity (relationships) based on context
From Middle Chinese '複' (fuk) meaning 'double' and '雑' (zatsu) meaning 'mixed'
Can be used both literally to describe things that are difficult to understand and figuratively to describe emotional or interpersonal complexity