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accruals

/əˈkruːəlz/
noun★中级💡 应计项目

“The company recorded $50,000 in accruals for unpaid salaries.”

公司记录了5万美元的应计未付工资。

技术

在会计中指尚未实际支付或收到,但已发生的收入或费用项目。

Accruals are used to match expenses with the revenues they generate.

应计项目用于将费用与其产生的收入匹配。

The accruals for interest payable were adjusted at year-end.

应计利息支出在年末进行了调整。

💡

应计会计(accrual accounting)的核心概念,强调权责发生制而非现金收付制。

⚖️法律
正式

累积或逐渐增加的事物(如权利、利益等)。

The accruals of interest over time will benefit the bondholders.

随着时间的推移,利息的累积将惠及债券持有人。

💡

常见于法律或合同条款中,指权利或义务的自然累积。

搭配

accrual accounting权责发生制会计accrued expenses应计费用accrued revenue应计收入accrual basis应计制

同义词

accrued amountsoutstanding amountsaccumulated items

反义词

cash basisprepayments

相关短语

accrual method短语
应计制会计方法
accrual entry短语
应计分录

💡专业提示

区分应计制与现金制

应计制(accrual basis)强调经济业务发生时点,而非实际收付款时间。例如:12月发生的费用即使1月支付,也应在12月确认。

⚡黄金法则

应计项目确认时点

必须同时满足:1)经济利益很可能流入或流出企业;2)金额能可靠计量。

📖词源

源自拉丁语动词‘accrescere’(生长、增加),经古法语‘accroistre’进入英语,原意为‘逐渐增长’。18世纪后在会计领域被赋予技术含义。

📝用法说明

1. 在中文财务报表中通常译为‘应计项目’或‘应计款项’;2. 与‘预付款项’(prepayments)相对;3. 常见于季度或年度财务报告。

单词拆解

accru-
累积、增加
root
+
-als
表示名词复数或项目
suffix
英汉词典

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