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At this point in time; by this time
She should have arrived by now.
This suggests that she was expected to arrive at this time.
By now, you should know the answer.
This implies that the answer was expected to be known by this point.
Often used to express expectations or assumptions about what should have happened by a certain time.
Use 'by now' to express expectations or assumptions about what should have happened by a certain time.
Combination of the preposition 'by' and the adverb 'now', forming a temporal phrase.
Commonly used in informal and everyday contexts to refer to expectations or assumptions about the current time.