根本
こんぽんThe fundamental or primary source/origin of something; the most basic part or cause.
事故の根本的な原因を調査する。
Investigate the root cause of the accident.
Often used in technical, analytical, or problem-solving contexts.
The essential nature or core aspect of a matter; the fundamental principle.
彼の考え方は根本的に間違っている。
His way of thinking is fundamentally wrong.
💡Pro Tip
Common Mistake: Overusing 'root'
While 'root' is a direct translation, 'root cause' is more idiomatic in English for technical contexts. Avoid literal translations like 'root of the problem' unless referring to plants.
⚡Gold Rule
When to Use 根本
Use 根本 when referring to the core, underlying principle or cause of something. It implies depth and fundamental importance, not just a surface-level issue.
📖Word Origin
From Middle Chinese 根本 (MC *kən|kənX *pwənX), equivalent to 根 (root) + 本 (origin). The compound form emphasizes the foundational nature of the concept.
📝Usage Notes
Used in both concrete (e.g., science, engineering) and abstract (e.g., philosophy, ethics) contexts. Often paired with 的 (teki) to form adjectival phrases like 根本的な (fundamental).