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The philosophical belief that things have a fixed, inherent nature or essence that defines their identity and properties.
プラトンのイデア論は本質主義の代表例とされる。
Plato's theory of Forms is considered a representative example of essentialism.
本質主義的な考え方では、人間の本質は生まれつき決まっているとされる。
In essentialist thinking, human nature is considered to be predetermined by birth.
Often contrasted with existentialism, which emphasizes existence over essence.
In educational or organizational contexts, the principle of prioritizing core, fundamental aspects over superficial or peripheral elements.
教育改革では、本質主義的なアプローチが見直されている。
In educational reform, an essentialist approach is being reconsidered.
Associated with the educational philosophy of William C. Bagley, which advocates for a structured curriculum focused on timeless knowledge.
Essentialism focuses on inherent, unchanging qualities (e.g., 'human nature is fixed'), while existentialism emphasizes individual choice and existence (e.g., 'existence precedes essence').
本質主義 is typically used in philosophy, education, or cultural studies to discuss theories of fixed identity or core principles.
From Japanese 本質 (ほんしつ, honshitsu, 'essence') + 主義 (しゅぎ, shugi, '-ism'), coined as a calque of the English term 'essentialism'. The concept originates from Western philosophy, particularly in the works of Plato and Aristotle.
Primarily used in academic or philosophical contexts. In Japanese, it may also appear in discussions about education or cultural identity, where it refers to the belief in fixed, inherent qualities.