above
/əˈbʌv/at a higher level or position than something else
The clouds were floating above the mountains.
The clouds were positioned higher than the mountains.
She lives in the apartment above ours.
She lives in the apartment that is one level higher than ours.
Can also refer to something being superior in quality or rank.
mentioned earlier in a text or conversation
As mentioned above, the deadline has been extended.
As previously stated, the deadline has been extended.
Used in writing to refer back to something already discussed.
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💡Pro Tip
Preposition vs. Adverb
As a preposition, 'above' takes an object (e.g., 'The bird flew above the tree'). As an adverb, it does not (e.g., 'The bird flew above').
⚡Gold Rule
Formal Usage
In formal writing, 'above' can refer to something mentioned earlier in the text.
📖Word Origin
From Middle English *aboven*, from Old English *abufan*, from *on* + *būfan* (over).
📝Usage Notes
Can be used as a preposition or adverb. As an adverb, it often means 'in or to a higher place.'