bà
Bà tôi năm nay đã 80 tuổi.
私の祖母は今年80歳です。
grandmother (father's or mother's mother)
Bà ngoại tôi sống ở quê.
私の母方の祖母は田舎に住んでいます。
Bà nội tôi rất giỏi nấu ăn.
私の父方の祖母は料理がとても上手です。
Used for both paternal and maternal grandmothers. In formal contexts, 'bà' may also refer to an elderly woman.
old woman; elderly lady
Một bà cụ đang ngồi trên ghế đá.
一人の老婆さんがベンチに座っています。
Can be used respectfully or neutrally, depending on tone.
madam; ma'am (polite address for an older woman)
Xin chào bà!
こんにちは、おばさま！
Common in polite or customer-service contexts.
関連フレーズ
プロのヒント
Distinguishing 'bà' and 'cụ'
'Bà' is more commonly used for grandmother, while 'cụ' is a respectful term for any elderly person, often used in formal or literary contexts.
ゴールデンルール
Politeness with 'bà'
When addressing an older woman, use 'bà' followed by her title (e.g., 'bà Lan') to show respect. Avoid using first names alone unless invited to do so.
語源
From Proto-Vietic *ʔbaːʔ, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔbaːʔ (grandmother). Related to Muong *ba* and other Austroasiatic languages.
使用上の注意
In Northern Vietnam, 'bà' is commonly used for grandmother, while in Southern Vietnam, 'má' or 'má nội/má ngoại' may also be used colloquially. Avoid using 'bà' to address someone younger unless in a joking or very informal context.