this
This book is interesting.
Referring to a book that is close to the speaker.
Used to identify a specific person or thing that is close to or being experienced by the speaker.
This is my favorite song.
Referring to a song that is currently playing or being discussed.
I like this color.
Referring to a color that is visible or being shown.
Used to point out or emphasize something specific in the present context.
Referring to a specific thing just mentioned or being discussed.
I bought a new phone. This phone has great features.
Referring back to the phone just mentioned.
Often used in narratives or explanations to refer to previously mentioned items.
Used in questions to ask for identification or to indicate a choice between alternatives.
Which shirt do you prefer? This one or that one?
Asking the listener to choose between two options.
Common in everyday conversation for making selections.
Related Phrases
Pro Tip
Distinguishing 'this' and 'that'
Use 'this' for things near you or being discussed now. Use 'that' for things farther away or mentioned earlier. For example: 'This book (in my hand) is interesting' vs. 'That book (on the shelf) is old.'
Gold Rule
Proximity Rule
Always use 'this' when referring to something physically or conceptually close to the speaker or the current discussion context.
Word Origin
From Old English 'þis', related to Old Norse 'þessi' and Old High German 'diser'. The 'th-' sound comes from Germanic roots, and the '-is' ending is a demonstrative suffix.
Usage Notes
'This' is used for things or people that are physically or conceptually closer to the speaker, while 'that' refers to things farther away or less immediate. In writing, 'this' often introduces a topic or refers back to something previously mentioned.