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the customs, arts, institutions, and achievements of a particular group or society
彼は日本の文化に深い興味を持っている。
He has a deep interest in Japanese culture.
Often used to discuss traditions, arts, and social norms.
Do not confuse '文化' (culture) with '文明' (civilization). The former focuses on customs and arts, while the latter emphasizes societal development and technology.
When talking about a particular country's culture, always attach the country name, e.g., '日本の文化', 'フランスの文化'.
From Chinese characters 文 (bun, 'writing, literature') + 化 (ka, 'change, transformation'), originally meaning 'the process of civilization'. Adopted into Japanese with the same meaning.
Use '文化' when referring to the broad set of practices, beliefs, and artifacts of a society. For a more specific sense of 'civilization' or 'advanced society', '文明' is preferred.