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The act of providing goods, services, or resources to meet demand.
電力の安定供給が求められています。
Stable electricity supply is required.
需要と供給のバランスを考える必要があります。
We need to consider the balance between supply and demand.
Often used in economic, business, or technical contexts.
To provide or furnish something needed.
企業は従業員に福利厚生を供給します。
Companies supply employees with benefits.
Used as a suru-verb (e.g., 供給する).
供給 emphasizes the act of providing resources or goods to meet demand, while 提供 is more general and can mean providing favors, information, or services without the implication of supply-demand dynamics.
Use 供給 when referring to physical goods, electricity, water, or other resources. Use 提供 when referring to services, information, or favors (e.g., 情報を提供する).
From Middle Chinese 供給 (kjuwngH kip), combining 供 (to offer, provide) and 給 (to supply, give). The compound has been used in Japanese since the Heian period (794–1185) with the same meaning as modern usage.
供給 is a formal term often used in economic, business, or technical contexts. It is not used in casual conversation. The suru-verb form 供給する is more common in practical usage.