How to say "Sorry" in Korean

In Korean culture, apologies are deeply tied to respect and social hierarchy. The phrase you use depends on your relationship with the other person, their age, and their status. Using the wrong level of formality can come across as rude or overly familiar. Koreans often apologize preemptively to maintain harmony, so don’t be surprised if you hear it even for minor inconveniences.

1. Formal apology (to strangers, elders, or superiors) Use this when addressing someone you don’t know, someone older, or in a professional setting. It’s the safest default for beginners.

   • 죄송합니다
     joesonghamnida
     • 죄송합니다, 길이 막혀서 늦었습니다.
       "I’m sorry, I’m late because the roads were congested."
   • 죄송합니다, 다시 한 번 설명해 주시겠습니까?
     *"I’m sorry, could you please explain that one more time?"

2. Casual apology (to peers or younger people) Use this with friends, classmates, or people younger than you. It’s still polite but less formal than the version above.

   • 미안합니다
     mianhamnida
     • 미안합니다, 전화가 늦게 왔어요.
       "Sorry, I’m late on the call."
   • 미안합니다, 내일 약속을 못 지킬 것 같아요.
     *"Sorry, I don’t think I can keep our appointment tomorrow."

3. Very casual apology (among close friends or siblings) This is the most relaxed form, often shortened to 미안 (mian). Use it only with people you’re very comfortable with.

   • 미안
     mian
     • 미안, 내가 잘못했어.
       "Sorry, I was wrong."
   • 미안, 내일 봐!
     *"Sorry, see you tomorrow!"

4. Overly polite apology (for serious mistakes) If you’ve caused significant trouble, add 정말 (really) or 진짜 (truly) for extra emphasis. This is often used in writing or formal contexts.

   • 정말 죄송합니다
     jeongmal joesonghamnida
     • 정말 죄송합니다, 다시는 그런 실수를 하지 않겠습니다.
       "I’m truly sorry; I won’t make that mistake again."

👉 Most useful for daily life: Start by memorizing 죄송합니다 (joesonghamnida). It’s the safest choice for most situations and shows respect, which is highly valued in Korean culture.