How to say "Excuse me" in Spanish

In Spanish-speaking cultures, the choice between formal and informal address is not just a grammatical preference; it is a fundamental social signal. Using the wrong level of formality can cause immediate offense or appear rude. The phrase "Excuse me" splits into two distinct variants based on this dynamic: Disculpe (formal) and Disculpa (informal). You must assess your relationship with the listener before speaking. If the person is older than you, in a position of authority, a stranger, or someone you do not know well, you must use the formal version. Using the informal version with strangers or elders is generally considered disrespectful, particularly in traditional settings in Spain, Mexico, and much of Latin America. Conversely, using the formal version with close friends or peers can create an awkward, distant barrier, suggesting you are angry or trying to end the relationship. Always default to the formal version when in doubt; it is safer to be overly polite than to be presumptuous.

1. Getting attention or asking a question to a stranger or superior

When you need to catch the attention of a shopkeeper, a stranger on the street, or someone older than you, use the formal imperative form. This shows respect for their status and age.

• Disculpe, ¿dónde está la estación de tren?
  "Excuse me, where is the train station?"

• Disculpe, ¿puede ayudarme con esta maleta?
  "Excuse me, can you help me with this suitcase?"

2. Apologizing for a minor bump or intrusion to a stranger

If you accidentally bump into someone or need to squeeze past them in a crowded space, the formal apology is required for strangers. It acknowledges their personal space without assuming familiarity.

• Disculpe, no quise molestar.
  "Excuse me, I didn't mean to bother you."

• Disculpe, ¿puedo pasar?
  "Excuse me, may I pass?"

3. Getting attention or apologizing to friends, family, or peers

With people your own age, close friends, siblings, or children, use the informal form. This variant is softer and signals equality and closeness. Using the formal version here would sound sarcastic or cold.

• Disculpa, ¿tienes un minuto?
  "Excuse me, do you have a minute?"

• Disculpa, se me olvidó decirte algo importante.
  "Excuse me, I forgot to tell you something important."

4. Asking for repetition in a noisy environment

If you did not hear someone, you can use either form depending on the relationship. However, adding "por favor" (please) softens the request and is highly recommended in all contexts to maintain politeness.

• Disculpe, ¿puede repetir eso, por favor?
  "Excuse me, can you repeat that, please?"

• Disculpa, no te escuché bien.
  "Excuse me, I didn't hear you well."

👉 Most useful for daily life: Memorize Disculpe first. It is the safest option for tourists and beginners. You can always switch to the informal Disculpa once you are invited to do so by a native speaker or when you establish a friendly relationship. Overusing formality is rarely an offense, but underusing it can be.