spineless
He refused to confront his boss about the unfair treatment, showing himself to be spineless.
The person avoided standing up for themselves despite being wronged.
lacking courage, determination, or backbone; cowardly
The manager fired the employee without warning, and the team called him spineless for not standing up for her.
The team criticized the manager's cowardly decision to dismiss someone unfairly.
Politicians who avoid tough decisions are often labeled spineless by voters.
Leaders who lack the courage to make difficult choices face public criticism.
Often used to describe people who avoid confrontation or responsibility due to fear.
(of an animal or plant) having no spine or backbone
Jellyfish are spineless creatures that lack a vertebral column.
Jellyfish are invertebrates without a spine.
Primarily used in biological contexts to describe invertebrates.
Collocations
Pro Tip
Avoiding Offensive Usage
While 'spineless' is a strong criticism, it can be perceived as harsh. Consider softer alternatives like 'indecisive' or 'non-confrontational' in sensitive contexts.
Gold Rule
Literal vs. Figurative Meaning
Distinguish between the biological sense (no spine) and the figurative sense (lacking courage). Context usually clarifies the intended meaning.
Word Origin
From 'spine' (the backbone) + '-less' (suffix meaning 'without'). First recorded in the early 17th century, originally in a literal sense ('lacking a spine'). The figurative sense ('lacking moral courage') emerged by the late 18th century.
Usage Notes
Commonly used in informal contexts to criticize someone's lack of moral fiber. Avoid using in formal settings unless quoting someone directly. The biological sense is neutral and technical.