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run-down
/ˈrʌn.daʊn/
in poor condition
The old factory looked run-down and abandoned.
The factory appeared neglected and in a state of disrepair.
informal
in a state of disrepair or neglect due to age or lack of maintenance
After years of disuse, the building became run-down.
The building deteriorated due to years of neglect.
She bought a run-down house and renovated it.
She purchased a dilapidated house and restored it.
Often describes buildings, vehicles, or equipment that are worn out or poorly maintained.
Collocations
run-down areaa neglected or impoverished neighborhoodrun-down buildinga structure in poor conditionrun-down neighborhooda district that is poorly maintained or decaying
Pro Tip
Avoid literal interpretation
Do not confuse with 'run down' (two words), which can mean 'to chase' or 'to criticize'. 'Run-down' is always hyphenated and describes physical condition.
Gold Rule
Hyphenation matters
Always hyphenate 'run-down' when used as an adjective before a noun (e.g., 'a run-down car'). Without hyphenation, it may be misinterpreted as a verb phrase.
Word Origin
Compound of 'run' (verb, archaic sense 'to become') + 'down' (adverb, indicating decline). First recorded in the late 19th century as a description of physical deterioration.
Usage Notes
Primarily used to describe physical objects like buildings, machinery, or vehicles. Avoid using for emotional or abstract states.
Word Breakdown
run
to become
verb (archaic)down
indicating decline or deterioration
adverbEnglish Dictionary