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run-down

/ˈrʌn.daʊn/
adjective★Intermediate💡 in poor condition
informal

in a state of disrepair or neglect due to age or lack of maintenance

After years of disuse, the building became run-down.

The building deteriorated due to years of neglect.

She bought a run-down house and renovated it.

She purchased a dilapidated house and restored it.

💡

Often describes buildings, vehicles, or equipment that are worn out or poorly maintained.

Collocations

run-down areaa neglected or impoverished neighborhoodrun-down buildinga structure in poor conditionrun-down neighborhooda district that is poorly maintained or decaying

Synonyms

dilapidateddecrepitshabbyderelicttumbledown

Antonyms

well-maintainedpristineimmaculatebrand-new

💡Pro Tip

Avoid literal interpretation

Do not confuse with 'run down' (two words), which can mean 'to chase' or 'to criticize'. 'Run-down' is always hyphenated and describes physical condition.

⚡Gold Rule

Hyphenation matters

Always hyphenate 'run-down' when used as an adjective before a noun (e.g., 'a run-down car'). Without hyphenation, it may be misinterpreted as a verb phrase.

📖Word Origin

Compound of 'run' (verb, archaic sense 'to become') + 'down' (adverb, indicating decline). First recorded in the late 19th century as a description of physical deterioration.

📝Usage Notes

Primarily used to describe physical objects like buildings, machinery, or vehicles. Avoid using for emotional or abstract states.

Word Breakdown

run
to become
verb (archaic)
+
down
indicating decline or deterioration
adverb
English Dictionary

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